Este artigo analisa a relação entre razão e violência, com base na abordagem de Jürgen Habermas. Pretende-se resgatar, contra uma concepção que interpreta de modo exclusivo a razão como dominação e violência, as perspectivas de emancipação presentes na racionalidade moderna. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Razão. Modernidade. Violência. Emancipação. Habermas. ABSTRACT This article analyzes the relation between reason and violence, in the light of Jürgen Habermas’s work. It seeks to rescue perspectives of emancipation inherent in modern rationality, as over against a conception that (...) regards reason solely as domination and violence. KEY WORDS – Reason. Modernity. Emancipation. Violence. Habermas. (shrink)

Possivelmente como decorrência dos efeitos ameaçadores e destrutivos que as duas grandes guerras mundiais trouxeram para o mundo, na segunda metade do século XX tornou-se mais aguda a preocupação com os problemas planetários. E, nesta esteira, um dos fenômenos emergentes foi a proliferação de organizações supranacionais e instituições voltadas para uma preocupação com as questões internacionais, especialmente aquelas cujos impactos adquiriam âmbito global. A guerra fria, a competição pela hegemonia de nações imperialistas como EUA e União Soviética, impulsionou uma corrida (...) pelo protagonismo nas áreas militar, tecnológica e industrial, alavancando de maneira inédita e desmedida a exploração dos recursos ambientais. A busca dos resultados a qualquer custo, no intuito de otimizar os lucros, tornou-se a finalidade do capitalismo neoliberal ancorado em corporações multinacionais, que hoje se tornou preponderante em termos globais. E isso inclui o esgotamento dos recursos naturais, se isso for condição para lucros maiores. Em face deste cenário, apesar dos governos e instituições supranacionais se articularem no sentido de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, de se organizarem eventos periódicos para a defesa do meio ambiente, as iniciativas implementadas mais parecem paliativos ante a voracidade dos mercados. Como, pois, enfrentar efetivamente este paradoxo? Existem perspectivas efetivas de sua ultrapassagem? A reflexão aqui trazida se propõe a abordar estas questões e as implicações a elas inerentes, partindo de uma base teórica discursiva de inspiração habermasiana para analisar o fenômeno da sustentabilidade em nível planetário, sob uma ótica democrática e cidadã (cosmopolita e ativa). (shrink)

This text examines the distinction and relation between legal philosophy and legal theory in the book Law and Democracy by Jürgen Habermas. To that end, I seek at first to reflect on the concepts of law sociology and philosophy of justice from the dialogue that opposes Habermas to Dworkin and Rawls, on the philosophical basis of equality and distribution. Subsequently, we analyse the arguments about the social integrative function of law that Habermas develops from the works of Parsons and Weber, (...) in order to see what Habermas meant by integrative function of law as well as the contribution of that category for a reconstructive theory of the society. The conclusion points to the link between his philosophy of right to a sociological theory, when, through the concept of communicative reason, he eschews metaphysical discussions of the absolute and seeks to develop a concept of society capable of resisting the dimensions of the life world and system. (shrink)

Literatur (Dichtung) und Philosophie treffen sich im Worten, als Wort. Beiden Worte des Denkens, d. h., des Sehens der Wirklichkeit in ihre Errichung oder Gründung. Der Dichter João Cabral de Melo Neto wird als Muster einer Dichtung genommen, die, als und aus Wort, will es “sichtbar machen” (P. Klee) oder “donner à voir” (P. Valéry). So geschiet auch eine ungewönhliche Sprach- und Wirklichkeitserfahrung!

Este texto se ocupa del pensamiento como moda; específicamente de la moda Nietzsche. El nihilismo es pensado en un doble sentido: por un lado constituye nuestro origen, nuestra génesis, y por el otro este nihilismo es el correlato de la moda (en el pensar). La verdadera filosofía es esencialmente inactual, extemporánea al afán vertiginoso de la moda hay que oponerle el ser amigos de lo lento.

O texto discute a técnica moderno-contemporânea a partir de F. Nietzsche (espírito de vingança), F. Dostoievski (l’homme révolté, bípede ingrato) e M. Heidegger (terra, finitude, serenidade). O tipo moderno (l’homme révolté), movido por espírito de vingança ― isso constitui a essência da técnica amoderna. A retomada do sentido da Terra (finitude, limite, possível) abre a possibilidade da transformação do sentido da ação e da produção, justo a partir da vigência de tal experiência, a saber, Terra, finitude, serenidade.

Atas do III Colóquio Internacional de Metafísica. [ISBN 978-85-7273-730-2]. Sumário: 1. Prazer, desejo e amor-paixão no texto de Lucrécio, por Antonio Júlio Garcia Freire; 2. Anaximandro: física, metafísica e direito, por Celso Martins Azar Filho; 3. Carta a Guimarães Rosa, por Cícero Cunha Bezerra; 4. Ante ens, non ens: La primacía de La negación em El neoplatonismo medievel, por Claudia D’Amico; 5. Metafísica e neoplatonismo, por David G. Santos; 6. Movimento e tempo no pensamento de Epicuro, por Everton da Silva (...) Rocha; 7. Críticas e elogios de Nietzche a Sócrates, por Fernanda Bulhões; 8. Sobre a Metafísica ou a respeito do jejum, por Gilvan Fogel; 9. A origem estética da ontologia hermenêutica de Luigi Pareyson, por Íris Fátima da Silva; 10. A Natureza da filosofia de Hume, por Jaimir Conte; 11. Logique ET métaphysique, por Jean-Baptiste Jainet; 12. Blaise Pascal: da recusa da metafísica da raison à metafísica do « estudo do homem », por João Emiliano Fotaleza de Aquino; 13. O niilismo no prólogo de Assim Falou Zaratustra. Por José Elielton de Sousa; 14. Presencia;Ausência: de Plotino a Procolo, por José Maria Zamora; 15. A natureza do Eros platônico, por Jovelina Maria Ramos de Souza; 16. Breve comentário acerca da origem da Gelassenheit de Heidegger a partir da mística de mestre Eckkart, por Luiz Fernando Fontes-Teixeira; 17. Humanismo e domesticação em Regras para o parque humano, por Luiz Roberto Alves dos Santos; 18. Contra a teoria de dois mundos na filosofia de Platão (República V 476e-478e), por Marcelo Pimenta Marques; 19. Sensações, impressões, projeções: as afecções do pensamento, por Markus Figueira da Silva; 20. Contribuições à história de uma metáfora: Heidegger e Nicolau de Cusa, por Oscar Federico Bauchwitz; 21. Uma impossibilidade ontológica em Schopenhauer, por Paulo César Oliveira Vasconcelos; 22. Ser e fenômeno: a Fenomenologia como teoria estética da ciência, por Pedro Paulo Coroa; 23. Para que serve a Metafísica de Aristóteles? O exemplo do movimento animal, por Pierre-marie Morel; 24. Contribuições para uma ontologia digital, por Rafael Capurro; 25. O que é o fim da metafísica, por Rodrigo Ribeiro Alves Neto; 26. A Physis na conformação do logos: linguagem e pensamento no corpus epicúreo, por Rodrigo Vidal do Nascimento; 27. O acontecimento de mundo na era da informação, por Soraya Guimarães da Silva; 28. Apofaticismo e abstração em Mark Rothko, por Vanessa Alves de Lacerda Santos. -/- . (shrink)

Em seu mais novo livro intitulado Do Coração Máquina – a Técnica Moderna como Compaixão do Homem pelo Homem, Gilvan Fogel presta uma contribuição significativapara o cenário filosófico brasileiro, ao abordar um tema fundamental de nossa época: a questão da técnica moderna. Trata-se de um tema fundamental, pois, atualmente vige o imperialismo da técnica, que determina os modos de ser do homem contemporâneo. Por isso, o fundamental se revela como tema atual de interesse e, por conseguinte, o progresso (...) da tecnologia se torna um assunto constante na mídia tradicional e nos mais diferentes meios de comunicação. (shrink)

Background: Moral distress is considered to be the negative feelings that arise when one knows the morally correct response to a situation but cannot act because of institutional or hierarchal constraints. Objectives: To analyze moral distress and its relation with sociodemographic and academic variables in undergraduate students from different universities in Brazil. Method: Quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through the Moral Distress Scale for Nursing Students, with 499 nursing students from three universities in the extreme south (...) of Brazil answering the scale. The data were analyzed in the statistical software SPSS version 22.0, through descriptive statistical analysis, association tests (t-test and analysis of variance), and linear regression models. Ethical considerations: Approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Findings: The mean intensity of moral distress in the constructs ranged from 1.60 to 2.55. As to the occurrence of situations leading to moral distress in the constructs, the frequencies ranged from 1.21 to 2.43. The intensity level of moral distress showed higher averages in the more advanced grades of the undergraduate nursing course, when compared to the early grades of this course (between 5 and 10 grade, average = 2.60–3.14, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The demographic and academic characteristics of the undergraduate nursing students who referred higher levels of moral distress were being enrolled in the final course semesters, were at a federal university, and had no prior degree as an auxiliary nurse/nursing technician. (shrink)

O presente artigo insere-se no quadro da Didática da Matemática, alicerçando na Teoria Antropológica do didático, uma teoria que tem o objeto de saber como seu foco, analisando-o a nível epistemológico e institucional e tem entre os seus elementos primitivos de analise, a abordagem ecologia, praxeológica e a noção de relação ao objeto. É sobre a relação ao objeto que o artigo concentra a sua discussão, a nível teórico, objetivando mostrar como a DM pode contribuir para um debate sobre a (...) decolonização epistemológica de saberes no ensino da Matemática. Em nossa analise, destacamos a abordagem ecológica como o principal elemento de análise na TAD que, ao se situar na análise das condições e restrições de vida do objeto em seu ambiente conceitual, procura compreender como o objeto está posto nos currículos, ao questionar sobre o que existe? o que não existe? o que desapareceu e porquê? o que existe em outros ambientes de vida e não estão aqui? Porque que não estão aqui? Etc. A DM procura por este meio, questionar e denunciar as práticas de ensino que tem as epistemologias do pensamento moderno colonial, eurocêntrico/ocidental como únicas formas de produção do conhecimento matemático, e que por via disso, tendem a subjugar, subalternizar, primitivizar sabedorias outras, não eurocêntricas/ocidentais. Ao mesmo tempo que denuncia, por meio da abordagem praxeológica, propõe ações, mecanismos que possibilitem trazer e discutir as sabedorias não eurocêntricas/ocidentais em espaços escolares, para participarem do processo de produção do conhecimento científico, através do processo de circulação de saberes ou praxeologias entre instituições. (shrink)

Neste início de século a humanidade vem enfrentando muitos e diversos problemas, sejam eles epistemológicos, éticos, sociais, ambientais, políticos ou econômicos. Todos eles, problemas modernos, mas, conforme se defenderá, sem soluções modernas. Os objetivos do artigo são compreender as raízes destas problemáticas, demonstrar que jamais houve modernidade sem colonialidade, uma das razões para que o projeto moderno não seja concluído, e analisar as perspectivas que se abrem a partir da periferia do mundo moderno/colonial. Pensar a partir da periferia, dos lugares (...) e povos oprimidos, abre-nos a possibilidade de epistemologias pluri-versais e de um diálogo horizontal entre os saberes, de forma a concorrer para a reinvenção da emancipação social, sendo esta uma de suas condições essenciais para um conhecimento-reconhecimento que eleva os marginalizados da condição de objeto, como foram historicamente tratados, à condição de sujeitos solidários. (shrink)

Therapeutic strategies capable of inducing and enhancing prosthesis embodiment are a key point for better adaptation to and acceptance of prosthetic limbs. In this study, we developed a training protocol using an EMG-based human-machine interface that was applied in the preprosthetic rehabilitation phase of people with amputation. This is a case series with the objective of evaluating the induction and enhancement of the embodiment of a virtual prosthesis. Six men and a woman with unilateral transfemoral traumatic amputation without previous use (...) of prostheses participated in the study. Participants performed a training protocol with the EMG-based HMI, composed of six sessions held twice a week, each lasting 30 mins. This system consisted of myoelectric control of the movements of a virtual prosthesis immersed in a 3D virtual environment. Additionally, vibrotactile stimuli were provided on the participant’s back corresponding to the movements performed. Embodiment was investigated from the following set of measurements: skin conductance response, crossmodal congruency effect, ability to control the virtual prosthesis, and reports before and after the training. The increase in the skin conductance response in conditions where the virtual prosthesis was threatened, recalibration of the peripersonal space perception identified by the crossmodal congruency effect, ability to control the virtual prosthesis, and participant reports consistently showed the induction and enhancement of virtual prosthesis embodiment. Therefore, this protocol using EMG-based HMI was shown to be a viable option to achieve and enhance the embodiment of a virtual prosthetic limb. (shrink)

Can dreams reveal insight into our cognitive abilities and aptitudes (i.e., “human intelligence”)? The relationship between dream production and trait-like cognitive abilities is the foundation of several long-standing theories on the neurocognitive and cognitive-psychological basis of dreaming. However, direct experimental evidence is sparse and remains contentious. On the other hand, recent research has provided compelling evidence demonstrating a link between dream content and new learning, suggesting that dreams reflect memory processing during sleep. It remains to be investigated whether the extent (...) of learning-related dream incorporation (i.e., the semantic similarity between waking experiences and dream content) is related to inter-individual differences in cognitive abilities. The relationship between pre–post sleep memory performance improvements and learning-related dream incorporation was investigated ( N = 24) to determine if this relationship could be explained by inter-individual differences in intellectual abilities (e.g., reasoning, short term memory (STM), and verbal abilities). The extent of dream incorporation using a novel and objective method of dream content analysis, employed a computational linguistic approach to measure the semantic relatedness between verbal reports describing the experience on a spatial (e.g., maze navigation) or a motor memory task (e.g., tennis simulator) with subsequent hypnagogic reverie dream reports and waking “daydream” reports, obtained during a daytime nap opportunity. Consistent with previous studies, the extent to which something new was learned was related ( r = 0.47) to how richly these novel experiences were incorporated into the content of dreams. This was significant for early (the first 4 dream reports) but not late dreams (the last 4 dream reports). Notably, here, we show for the first time that the extent of this incorporation for early dreams was related ( r = 0.41) to inter-individual differences in reasoning abilities. On the other hand, late dream incorporation was related ( r = 0.46) to inter-individual differences in verbal abilities. There was no relationship between performance improvements and intellectual abilities, and thus, inter-individual differences in cognitive abilities did not mediate the relationship between performance improvements and dream incorporation; suggesting a direct relationship between reasoning abilities and dream incorporation. This study provides the first evidence that learning-related dream production is related to inter-individual differences in cognitive abilities. (shrink)

Discover how the automatic choices you make in life-- without even noticing-- can sabotage you. Fogel and Rosin show you how to learn to interrupt your self-defeating behavior and make better choices.

The paper uses the controversy about liberty between the philosopher Thomas Hobbes and Archbishop John Bramhall to illustrate the conflict between the rhetoric of philosophy and the rhetoric of religion. The first part of the paper introduces initial definitions of these two types of rhetoric. The following three parts deal with three distinct parts of the controversy, as Hobbes and Bramhall define them: to the reader, arguments from scripture, and arguments from reason. The fact that Hobbes and Bramhall themselves divide (...) the arguments into those from scripture and those from reason makes this controversy a good illustration of the conflict between rhetoric of philosophy and rhetoric of religion. The rhetorical perspective exposes the epistemological conflict between philosophy and religion that the philosophical discourse often blurs. It is a conflict that concerns the basic attitude of an individual towards the truth as a believer or as a thinker. The rhetoric of philosophy assumes that human understanding defines the truth and therefore gives priority to arguments from reason as they address that understanding. The rhetoric of religion assumes that truth is beyond human understanding and can only be revealed by faith and therefore gives priority to arguments from scripture as they address human faith. The reader may join the opponents in asking whether human liberty is a philosophical issue and therefore subject to arguments from reason or a theological one, subject to arguments from scripture. (shrink)

In this age of multiculturalism, global travel and terrorism, it is vital that citizens be inculcated with the fundamental values of democracy and equipped with the cognitive skills to further those values. Plato critiqued the democratic character for its potential selfishness and lack of civic engagement---this was true in ancient Athens and is still true today. Using a primarily philosophical but also an interdisciplinary approach, I discuss the historic and social contexts of moral education in democracies both ancient and modern. (...) My topic contributes to this inquiry about democratic education by discussing Virtue Ethics and Communitarianism, with attention to empirical matters as dealt with in Sociology and Psychology. This dissertation explores the Neutral Liberalism-Communitarian debate about moral education to explicate current social and educational circumstances, both theoretically and practically. I propose a model for teaching morality based on self-knowledge, without a traditional religious grounding, without competing with religious authority, resorting to dogma, or indoctrination. I draw on the works of Plato, Aristotle, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, William James, Charles Taylor and others, supporting my proposals with current research from Social Cognitive Psychology. Research in Psychology has shown that some ways of thinking about the self are more efficacious and functional than others. By grounding moral education in self-knowledge and virtue theory, we can ensure the preservation of our democracy by improving the ability of our citizens to reason well about personal, practical and political matters. (shrink)

One of the most profound insights of the dynamic systems perspective is that new structures resulting from the developmental process do not need to be planned in advance, nor is it necessary to have these structures represented in genetic or neurological templates prior to their emergence. Rather, new structures can emerge as components of the individual and the environment self-organize; that is, as they mutually constrain each other's actions, new patterns and structures may arise. This theoretical possibility brings into developmental (...) theory the important concept of indeterminism--the possibility that developmental outcomes may not be predictable in any simple linear causal way from their antecedents. This is the first book to take a critical and serious look at the role of indeterminism in psychological and behavioral development. * What is the source of this indeterminism? * What is its role in developmental change? * Is it merely the result of incomplete observational data or error in measurement? It reviews the concepts of indeterminism and determinism in their historical, philosophical, and theoretical perspectives--particularly in relation to dynamic systems thinking--and applies these general ideas to systems of nonverbal communication. Stressing the indeterminacy inherent to symbols and meaning making in social systems, several chapters address the issue of indeterminism from metaphorical, modeling, and narrative perspectives. Others discuss those indeterministic processes within the individual related to emotional, social, and cognitive development. (shrink)

Com a noção de Metamorfose doMundo pretendemos elaborar uma ontologia dopresente desde o conceito wittgensteiniano de"revelação do aspecto" Ontologia, porém, não éuma ciência, mas a prudência gramatical que lidacom as incertezas da condição humana expressasna linguagem. Ao contrário da tradição filosóficaque parte da contemplação que se distancia domundo, partimos do assombro instaurado nocerne da linguagem mesma recorrendo à noçãode algo como algo, mas destacando na transitoriedadedeste "como" a abertura de sentido, ouseja, a possibilidade de tematizar-se o mundo.

Since the mid-1980s there has been a great deal of scholarly interest focused on the history of modern Shanghai. In association with the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, both the University of California at Berkeley and Cornell University were recipients of Luce Foundation grants that brought Shanghai scholars to North America, resulting in an outpouring of books and articles. In addition, there has been a simultaneous surge of interest among Japanese scholars and, on a smaller scale, French and German scholars. (...) A significant slice of this new research focuses on cultural and intellectual history. This essay examines much of that new material and suggests reasons for why such a development has taken place. (shrink)

LEMOS, Luiz Henrique. A Psicologia da religião Ocidental e Oriental: a influência do círculo de Eranos no atendimento da religião na perspectiva de Carl Gustav Jung. 2013. 127f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Religião) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.

Na contemporaneidade, debater sobre a relação entre Filosofia e Literatura, se torna cada vez mais necessário, principalmente no que se refere a interdisciplinaridade, que parece ser o imperativo de nossa época, mas também, porque tratar dessa relação, significa ou se vincula na relação que há entre Pensamento e Linguagem. Para os homens do período da ilustração, não havia uma relação conflituosa entre a literatura e a filosofia, pois, há uma apropriação recíproca de gêneros distintos. Entretanto, a ficção romanesca tinha um (...) estatuto essencialmente ambíguo, mesmo porque não tinha sequer seu lugar claramente definido no domínio das Belas-Letras. Assim, na “astúcia do ofício”, o romancista-filósofo acabava por se utilizar de uma narrativa de intenção verista, na articulação e proclamação de que all is true sob a justificativa de uma exigência estética, implicando dessa forma numa profunda sinalização por uma busca da verossimilhança na narrativa do romance filosófico. Dessa forma, mesmo o século XVIII marcando uma progressiva habilitação do romance, de forma pública, pelos filósofos da Ilustração, contudo, esse consentimento não ocorreu de uma forma tão rápida e simples como poderia parecer, diante da vasta publicação de romances e contos; antes, há um recusa da narrativa romanesca, acompanhada de grandes conflitos e dolorosa aceitação daqueles que desempenharam publicamente, um importante papel nesse processo, como os filósofos Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot e Rousseau, “escrevendo alguns dos melhores contos e romances do tempo.” Assim, a atitude de recusa e consentimento público dos filósofos da Ilustração para com o romance, na modernidade, é muito mais complexa do que parece à primeira vista e merece ser examinada e acompanhada nesse texto. (shrink)

InThe Cognitive-Emotional Brain(Pessoa 2013), I describe the many ways that emotion and cognition interact and are integrated in the brain. The book summarizes five areas of research that support this integrative view and makes four arguments to organize each area. (1) Based on rodent and human data, I propose that the amygdala's functions go beyond emotion as traditionally conceived. Furthermore, the processing of emotion-laden information is capacity limited, thus not independent of attention and awareness. (2) Cognitive-emotional interactions in the human (...) prefrontal cortex (PFC) assume diverse forms and are not limited to mutual suppression. Particularly, the lateral PFC is a focal point for cognitive-emotional interactions. (3) Interactions between motivation and cognition can be seen across a range of perceptual and cognitive tasks. Motivation shapes behavior in specific ways – for example, by reducing response conflict or via selective effects on working memory. Traditional accounts, by contrast, typically describe motivation as a global activation independent of particular control demands. (4) Perception and cognition are directly influenced by information with affective or motivational content in powerful ways. A dual competition model outlines a framework for such interactions at the perceptual and executive levels. A specific neural architecture is proposed that embeds emotional and motivational signals into perception and cognition through multiple channels. (5) A network perspective should supplant the strategy of understanding the brain in terms of individual regions. More broadly, in a network view of brain architecture, “emotion” and “cognition” may be used as labels of certain behaviors, but will not map cleanly into compartmentalized pieces of the brain. (shrink)

Although emotion is closely associated with motivation, and interacts with perception, cognition, and action, many conceptualizations still treat emotion as separate from these domains. Here, a comparative/evolutionary anatomy framework is presented to motivate the idea that long-range, distributed circuits involving the midbrain, thalamus, and forebrain are central to emotional processing. It is proposed that emotion can be understood in terms of large-scale network interactions spanning the neuroaxis that form “functionally integrated systems.” At the broadest level, the argument is made that (...) we need to move beyond a Newtonian view of causation to one involving complex systems where bidirectional influences and nonlinearities abound. Therefore, understanding interactions between subsystems and signal integration becomes central to unraveling the organization of the emotional brain. (shrink)

In visual science the term filling-inis used in different ways, which often leads to confusion. This target article presents a taxonomy of perceptual completion phenomena to organize and clarify theoretical and empirical discussion. Examples of boundary completion (illusory contours) and featural completion (color, brightness, motion, texture, and depth) are examined, and single-cell studies relevant to filling-in are reviewed and assessed. Filling-in issues must be understood in relation to theoretical issues about neuralignoring an absencejumping to a conclusionanalytic isomorphismCartesian materialism, a particular (...) neural stage that forms the immediate substrate of perceptual experience enactiveanimatesubpersonal” considerations about internal processing, but rather by considerations about the task of vision at the level of the animal or person interacting with the world. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this article, we intend to start from certain reinterpretations that have been made about the Saussurean construct on the langue object, taking as a basis mainly the relational notion of system, the linguistic value, to then create possibilities of dialogue with the axiological perspective of langue present in Mikhail Bakhtin. Such perspective in this author takes shape in the concept of heteroglossia and discourse genres, in which this object must be understood in terms of social and historical relations. (...) Also, in the linguistic-textual elaboration of a genre, the statements operate in relation to each other, in order to bring together and/or confront different social and ideological voices. Starting from this episteme, which sees langue and the effects that result from it as a constitutively relational object, we believe that a convergence between the two authors is possible in order to re-signify ways of interpreting the world through the science of language. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste artigo, investigamos a concepção nietzschiana para a “filosofia do direito”. Assim, apresentamos a hipótese de que o autor possui uma conceituação heterodoxa acerca da filosofia do direito, podendo ser entendida numa perspectiva genealógica. Para coloca-la à prova, analisamos um fragmento póstumo de 1883 em três momentos: incialmente, apresentamos a crítica nietzschiana à filosofia do direito de Rudolf von Jhering. Em um segundo momento, indicamos que Nietzsche sinaliza uma perspectiva genealógica como novo método para ela. Por fim, apresentamos o (...) que ele entende como um exemplo de erro interpretativo dos filósofos do direito: a significação da punição.: In this article, we investigate the Nietzschean conception of “philosophy of law”. Thus, we present the hypothesis that the author has a heterodox concept of the philosophy of law, which can be understood from a genealogical perspective. To put it to the test, we analyzed a posthumous fragment from 1883 in three moments: initially, we presented the Nietzschean critique of Rudolf von Jhering’s philosophy of law. In a second step, we indicate that Nietzsche signals a genealogical perspective as a new method for the philosophy of law. Finally, we present what he understands as an example of an interpretative error by legal philosophers: the meaning of punishment. (shrink)

Plato’s division of goods performed by Glaucon in the Republic involves three kinds of goods: the first kind would be desirable for their own sake; the second, desirable in themselves and in their consequences, and the third kind, only desirable in their consequences. The problem to understand it is thus presented: in which of these kinds is justice observed, and which one provides happiness to men. According to Socrates, justice should be placed on the second kind of good if men (...) want to be happy. However, it is not in this way that the many hold justice, for they include it in the third kind. Having this difference under perspective, Glaucon defends this point of view, willing afterwards to listen to Socrates’ refutation of his argument and the defence of justice as being a good desirable in themselves and their consequences. The aim of our work is to present an interpretation that can justly adapt to what Glaucon understands as 'in themselves' and as a 'consequence' of the goods in this division. (shrink)

Partindo de uma suspeita, em geral negativa, que pesa sobre a imaginação, pretendemos, em primeiro lugar, aqui justificar a dignidade e a importância filosófica da imaginação na elaboração de textos literários. Em segundo lugar, vamos fundamentar algumas funções éticas que o texto literário comporta realizar e corporificar experimentos mentais sobre ideias, valores. E, por fim, atestar a contribuição impar que o jogo da imaginação exerce na solução dos hard cases da filosofia moral a partir de Ricoeur. Faremos isto, num primeiro (...) momento, desenvolvendo pressupostos e implicações éticas oriundas da efetivação do jogo livre da imaginação na literatura. A seguir, explicitaremos algumas funções éticas da imaginação na filosofia moral em dois itens: inicialmente elucidaremos pressupostos e implicações éticas do uso da imaginação nos hard cases e, a seguir, ilustremos isso refletindo sobre um exemplo em Ricoeur. Ao final do texto, apresentamos indicações conclusivas acerca das funções éticas da imaginação. (shrink)